Abstract
This study compared external root stresses from instrumentation by several motor-driven nickel-titanium instruments to stresses developed by hand files. Twelve curved first molar mesial roots were invested in PLM-9 photoelastic material to disclose net stress transmitted from the canal through the dentin. Minimal fringe patterns were observed during instrumentation with all techniques. Light-speed yielded the least change. In no case was a complete 60 psi fringe change noted.
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