Abstract
Sun overexposure is associated with the development of diseases that primarily affect the skin, which can lead to skin cancer. Among the main measures of photoprotection is the use of sunscreens. However, there is currently concern about the reported harmful effects to both humans and the environment due to several of the sunscreen ingredients available on the market. For this reason, the search for and development of new agents with photoprotective properties is required. In searching for these metabolites, researchers have turned their attention to microbial sources, especially the microbiota in unusual hostile environments. Among the diverse microorganisms available in nature, Actinobacteria and specifically Streptomyces, have been shown to be a source of metabolites with various biological activities of interest, such as antimicrobial, antitumor and immunomodulator activities. Herein, we present the results of a systematic review of the literature in which Streptomyces isolates were studied as a source of compounds with photoprotective properties. A meta-analysis of the structure-property and structure-activity relationships of those metabolites identified in the qualitative analysis phase was also carried out. These findings indicate that Streptomyces are a source of metabolites with potential applications in the development of new, safe and more eco-friendly sunscreens.
Highlights
Actinic damage or injury in humans refers to the negative effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and it is well-documented in skin biology [1]
Considering that Streptomyces are ubiquitous in nature, either in terrestrial or marine marine environments [53,54], we examined the habitat source where the Streptomyces strain was environments [53,54], we examined the habitat source where the Streptomyces strain was isolated isolated (Figure 3C)
This compound was first isolated from S. tsukubaenis No 9993, in 1987 by Kino et al [151] and currently it is used commercially as a topical anti-inflammatory in dermatology [231]. These findings show that, in terms of anti-inflammatory compounds, Streptomyces is an option with a high probability of success at a translational level
Summary
Actinic damage or injury in humans refers to the negative effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and it is well-documented in skin biology [1]. UVR is the main etiological factor of several skin conditions, such as photoaging, melasma and skin cancers [2]. The latter condition is currently of great concern due to the increase in the incidence rate [3]. Photoprotection is defined as the set of chemical, physical and behavioral-based actions to prevent or counteract the actinic damage [1]. Among the different preventive photoprotection measures, the use of sunscreens is one of the main recommended actions to avoid the harmful effects of sun exposure, after clothing and behavior strategies [3].
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