Abstract
Streptococcus suis remains an important challenge for the worldwide swine industry. Considering that Brazil is a major pork producer and exporter, proper monitoring of the pathogen and resistance rates are required. We present here the characterization of Brazilian S. suis strains isolated over a 15 year period by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, capsular, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiling. Serotype prevalence revealed a predominance of serotype 2/½ followed by 3, 7, 1/14, 6, 8, 18, 28, and 27; the latter had not yet been reported in Brazil. Resistance profiling enabled the differentiation of nine profiles presenting resistance to three and up to eight antimicrobial classes. Even though an association between the most resistant strains and isolation year starting from 2009 was observed, a high frequency of multidrug-resistant strains isolated from 2001 to 2003 was also detected. This suggests that despite the isolation period, S. suis strains already presented high resistance selection pressure. A slight association of serotype 2/½ with some virulence profiles and PFGE pulsotypes was also identified. Nevertheless, no clonal dispersion or persistency of clones over the analyzed years and herds was detected.
Highlights
Despite constant efforts to control the occurrence of Streptococcus suis infections in swine herds and the use of vaccines, this pathogen remains an important challenge for the swine industry in Brazil and worldwide
We observed that strains originating from the respiratory tract presented a higher diversity of serotypes, followed by the central nervous system, whereas in the other isolation sites, there was a predominance of serotype 2/ 12 (Table 1)
Strains were grouped according to the S. suis isolation site: Respiratory system (33.5%—72/215), central nervous system (CNS) (49.3%—106/215), genitourinary system (1.9%—4/215), joints
Summary
Despite constant efforts to control the occurrence of Streptococcus suis infections in swine herds and the use of vaccines, this pathogen remains an important challenge for the swine industry in Brazil and worldwide. In swine, this species causes meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, septicemia, polyserositis, pneumonia and sudden death, and the control and prevention of S. suis infections require constant investments [1]. This species causes meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, septicemia, polyserositis, pneumonia and sudden death, and the control and prevention of S. suis infections require constant investments [1] This bacterium presents significant zoonotic potential, being described in different countries as a cause of deafness, meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia in people who work in swine herds, slaughterhouses or butchers, and meat consumers [2,3].
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