Abstract
BackgroundOrofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disease characterised by chronic, noncaseating, granulomatous inflammation primarily affecting the oral cavity. Histologically, it is similar to Crohn’s disease (CD), and a proportion of patients have both OFG and CD. The cause of OFG remains elusive, but it has been suggested that microbial interactions may be involved. The aim of this study was to compare the salivary microbial composition of subjects with OFG and/or CD and healthy controls.MethodsTwo hundred sixty-one subjects were recruited, of whom 78 had OFG only, 40 had both OFG and CD, 97 had CD only with no oral symptoms, and 46 were healthy controls. Bacterial community profiles were obtained by sequencing the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsThere were no differences in richness or diversity of the salivary bacterial communities between patient groups and controls. The relative abundance of the Streptococcus salivarius group was raised in patients with OFG or CD only compared with controls, whereas that of the Streptococcus mitis group was lower in CD compared with both OFG and controls. One S. salivarius oligotype made the major contribution to the increased proportions seen in patients with OFG and CD.ConclusionsThe salivary microbiome of individuals with OFG and CD was similar to that found in health, although the proportions of S. salivarius, a common oral Streptococcus, were raised. One specific strain-level oligotype was found to be primarily responsible for the increased levels seen.
Highlights
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare chronic disease characterized by lip swelling and oral inflammation
The aim of the study was to use 16S rRNA gene community profiling to determine the composition of the salivary microbiome in patients with OFG only, OFG with concurrent Crohn’s disease (CD), and compare this with patients with CD without oral involvement and with healthy controls
Two hundred sixty-one subjects were recruited for the study: 40 (18 female) had both OFG and CD (OFG+CD), 78 (43 female) had oral manifestations only (OFG only), 97 (62 female) were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease without any oral symptoms (CD only), and 46 (33 female) were healthy controls (HC)
Summary
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare chronic disease characterized by lip swelling and oral inflammation. The term was originally used to describe oral signs clinically and Published online 23 February 2019 histologically resembling Crohn’s disease (CD) in patients with no apparent disease elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract.[1] Crohn’s disease is a chronic, granulomatous, inflammatory condition that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly occurs in the terminal ileum. The majority of cases have been reported in the United Kingdom— Scotland—and OFG seems to occur in greater frequency with concurrent CD in Northern Europe as compared with the South.[4] Males and females seem to be affected with the median age of disease onset being 23 years.[2]. Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disease characterised by chronic, noncaseating, granulomatous inflammation primarily affecting the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to compare the salivary microbial composition of subjects with OFG and/or CD and healthy controls
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