Abstract
Given the solid evidence that prolonged strenuous exercise is a cause of metabolic stress, this study sought to determine whether a 12-h run would affect total oxidant status (TOS), total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant status (TAS), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the biomarkers of intestinal permeability (protein fatty acid-binding proteins (I-FABP) and zonulin) in middle-aged male subjects. Ten amateur long-distance runners (aged 52.0 ± 6.2 years, body height 176.9 ± 4.9 cm, body mass 73.9 ± 6.0 kg) were enrolled in the study. The venous blood samples were collected 1 hour before and right after the run and were analyzed for the levels of TAS, TOS/TOC, hs-CRP, I-FABP and zonulin. The post-run concentrations of TOS/TOC were significantly elevated (p < 0.001), but TAS changes were not significant. Pearson’s correlation coefficients calculated for the post run values of TAS and TOS/TOC were statistically significant and negative (r = -0.750, p < 0.05). Significant increases in the concentrations of hs-CRP (p < 0.001), I-FABP (p < 0.05) and zonulin (p < 0.01) were noted. The results indicate that a strenuous 12-h run disturbs the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in middle-aged men, as well as promoting inflammation and impairing intestinal permeability.
Highlights
Long-distance running is a very popular form of physical activity, but there is much evidence that prolonged strenuous exercise leads to metabolic stress [1] and promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly by increasing electron leakage from the respiratory chain, auto-oxidation of hemoglobin and catecholamines, and the activity of xanthine oxidase during reperfusion and of NADPH oxidase in response to inflammation caused by microinjuries within the skeletal muscles [2]
Blood metabolic stress in middle-aged men after a 12-h run fluids, total oxidant status and total oxidant capacity (TOS/TOC) showing the total lipid peroxide concentration directly related to the level of oxygen radicals are used more and more often [4, 5]
At a ΔPV of -2.37 ± 9.25%, statistically significant increases were observed in the levels of LA (p < 0.001), TOS/TOC (p < 0.001), and oxidative stress index (OSI) (p < 0.001) (Table 1)
Summary
Long-distance running is a very popular form of physical activity, but there is much evidence that prolonged strenuous exercise leads to metabolic stress [1] and promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly by increasing electron leakage from the respiratory chain, auto-oxidation of hemoglobin and catecholamines, and the activity of xanthine oxidase during reperfusion and of NADPH oxidase in response to inflammation caused by microinjuries within the skeletal muscles [2]. Excessive production of ROS causes oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids [3]. Blood metabolic stress in middle-aged men after a 12-h run fluids, total oxidant status and total oxidant capacity (TOS/TOC) showing the total lipid peroxide concentration directly related to the level of oxygen radicals are used more and more often [4, 5]. The presence of inflammation can be determined using blood circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), whose concentration increases very fast, even within several hours from the onset of inflammation [7]
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