Abstract

There is growing evidence that the risk and burden of COVID-19 infections are not equally distributed across population subgroups and that racialized communities are experiencing disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to the absence of large-scale race-based data, it is impossible to measure the extent to which immigrant and racialized communities are experiencing the pandemic and the impact of measures taken (or not) to mitigate these impacts, especially at a local level. To address this issue, the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership partnered with the Collaborative Critical Research for Equity and Transformation in Health lab at the University of Ottawa and the Canadians of African Descent Health Organization to implement a project to build local organizational capacities to understand, monitor, and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant and racialized populations. This research note describes the working framework used for this project, proposed indicators for measuring the determinants of health among immigrant and racialized populations, and the data gaps we encountered. Recommendations are made to policymakers, and community and health stakeholders at all levels on how to collect and use data to address COVID-19 health inequities, including data collection strategies aimed at community engagement in the collection of disaggregated data, improving methods for collecting and analyzing data on immigrants and racialized groups and policies to enable and enhance data disaggregation.RésuméDes plus en plus d’études montrent que le risque et le fardeau des infections à la COVID-19 ne sont pas également répartis dans la population et que les communautés racialisées connaissent des taux de morbidité et de mortalité disproportionnellement plus élevés. Cependant, en raison de l’absence de données ventilés selon le statut ethnique, il est impossible de mesurer comment les communautés immigrantes et racialisées vivent la pandémie et quel est l’impact des mesures prises (ou non) pour atténuer ces effets, surtout à un niveau local. Pour résoudre ce problème, le Partenariat local pour l’immigration d’Ottawa (PLIO) s’est associé au Laboratoire de recherche critique collaborative pour l’équité et la transformation en santé (CO-CREATH) de l’Université d’Ottawa et l’Organisation de la santé des Canadiens d’ascendance africaine (CADHO) aux fins de mettre en œuvre un projet visant à renforcer les capacités organisationnelles locales pour comprendre, surveiller et atténuer l’impact de la pandémie de la COVID-19 sur les populations immigrantes et racialisées. Cette note de recherche décrit le cadre de travail utilisé pour ce projet, les indicateurs proposés pour mesurer les déterminants de la santé chez les populations immigrantes et racialisées, et les lacunes que nous avons identifiés dans les données existants. Des recommandations sont faites aux décideurs politiques et aux acteurs communautaires et de la santé à tous les niveaux sur comment collecter et utiliser les données pour remédier aux inégalités en matière de santé liées à la COVID-19. Ces recommandations font référence aux stratégies de collecte de données visant à impliquer les communautés, à l’amélioration des méthodes de collecte et d’analyse des données sur les immigrants et les groupes racialisés, et aux politiques nécessaires pour permettre et améliorer la désagrégation des données selon le statut ethnique.

Highlights

  • Keywords Population health · COVID-19 · Determinants of health · Data collection · Disaggregated data · Immigrants · Racialized populations. It is well-documented that the risk and burden of COVID-19 is disproportionately higher among immigrant and racialized populations (Hooper et al, 2020; Wang & Tang, 2020; Yaya et al, 2020; CDC, 2021; Kuy et al, 2020)

  • In 2020, the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership (OLIP) initiated its Strengthening Disaggregated Sociodemographic Data Related to COVID-19 project to build organizational capacities to understand, monitor, and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant and racialized populations

  • The current state of race-based data collection about COVID-19 health risks and consequences in federal, provincial, and municipal governments across Canada is a patchwork of measures that lack comparability and comprehensiveness

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Summary

Introduction

It is well-documented that the risk and burden of COVID-19 is disproportionately higher among immigrant and racialized populations (Hooper et al, 2020; Wang & Tang, 2020; Yaya et al, 2020; CDC, 2021; Kuy et al, 2020). Black Canadians had at least one health condition that increased their risk of severe COVID-19 health outcomes (Statistics Canada, 2020) Despite this evidence, the Province of Ontario was initially reluctant to collect and release demographic and socioeconomic indices on COVID-19 infections and deaths, considering “all groups of people are important to us” (Siddiqi et al, 2020). It remains challenging to estimate the degree to which immigrant and racialized communities are experiencing the pandemic and the impact of measures taken (or not) to mitigate these impacts, especially at a local level To address this issue, in 2020, the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership (OLIP) initiated its Strengthening Disaggregated Sociodemographic Data Related to COVID-19 project to build organizational capacities to understand, monitor, and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant and racialized populations.

Description of Working Framework
Indicators for Measuring the Determinants of Health Among Immigrant and Racialized Populations
Identification of Data Gaps
Lack of Disaggregated Population Data
Lack of Disaggregated Health Data
Lack of Community‐Level Data
Lack of Individual‐Level Data
Lack of Local Linked Data
Capacity Challenges
Conclusion and Implications
Strategies for community engagement in the collection of disaggregated data
Findings
Policies to enable and enhance data disaggregation

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