Abstract
Transformation-toughened (i.e. ZrO 2-toughened) ceramics represent a new class of high performance ceramics with spectacular strength properties at low and intermediate temperatures. However, at temperatures above about 700°C, most of these tough oxide-base ceramics can no longer be used as load-bearing engineering parts because of characteristic deficiencies. The aim of the present paper is to provide and discuss microstructural design strategies which may enable ZrO 2-toughened ceramics to be applied to higher temperatures. From the various strategies suggested, three appear to show good prospects, namely (i) the prevention of glassy intergranular films, (ii) the addition of hard high modulus particles and (iii) whisker or fibre reinforcement. Experimental approaches are presented for some ZrO 2-toughened ceramics, e.g. tetragonal ZrO 2 polycrystals and ZrO 2-toughened cordierite, spinel and mullite.
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