Abstract
The use of essential services in modern constructions, such pipes, and ducts, became important, placing these pipes and ducts underneath the soffit of the beam. They made a ceiling sandwich, and that causes to reduce the height of the floor, so the presence of the opening in the beam saves the height of the floor. In this paper, the investigation of the beam response of reinforced concrete simply supported rectangle beams with square web openings is presented, including a number of the web openings (two, four, and eight), in addition to its use in strengthening the member at the openings (when the beam is planned before casting, internal deformation steel bar is used, and in case of the opening is existing in the beam, (CFRP) fabric is used.). The test results indicated that the opening Strengthening of beams might compensate for the decrease of the beam load capacity because of the existence of the openings in the shear zone. The compensation of beam capacity depends on the strengthening method, which was adopted. The shear crack loads of the strengthened with externally CFRP specimen's reduction ranging from (15.38 to 38.46%) of their failure loads while the shear crack load of internally reinforced strengthened ranging from (15.38 to 30.76%).
Highlights
Pipes and ducts are necessary to accommodate essential services in a building, so openings are needed, which can be circular, square, or rectangular
A great deal of work has been found in the literature aimed at examining the reinforcement of beams with openings. (Mansur et al, 2006) investigated the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates for strengthening reinforced concrete T-beams with small circular opening. (Abdalla et al, 2003) studied shear strengthening with the rectangular opening of reinforced concrete beams using FRP sheets. (Maaddawy and Sherif, 2009) studied the use of FRP sheets for shear strengthening of deep concrete beams with square openings
Initial cracks at the four corners of the square opening were redirected into flexural cracks formed along the beam's tension line, due to the presence of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) around the opening
Summary
Pipes and ducts are necessary to accommodate essential services in a building, so openings are needed, which can be circular, square, or rectangular. The second one, when the opening is existing in the beam which used (FRP) materials, can be used to restore the original capacity. (Mansur et al, 2006) investigated the use of FRP plates for strengthening reinforced concrete T-beams with small circular opening. (Abdalla et al, 2003) studied shear strengthening with the rectangular opening of reinforced concrete beams using FRP sheets. (Maaddawy and Sherif, 2009) studied the use of FRP sheets for shear strengthening of deep concrete beams with square openings. At the same time (Pimanmas, 2010) investigated the Strengthening of concrete beams with square opening by FRP rods mounted externally. 2.7 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Strengthening of unidirectional woven carbon fiber in this fabric known as Sika Wrap-900c (CFRP, October 2017) was used for external analysis, as showing in Fig.
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