Abstract
On the period of September to December 2017, three pilot projects were implemented in Tonga, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands aiming to strengthen the multi-hazards early warning system in the respective countries through close collaboration between the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). Main activities during the implementation phase were tailored based on gap analysis and risk assessments conducted beforehand. Thus, installation of high-resolution numerical weather, ocean wave, and climate prediction and forecasting tools were chosen to fill in the assessed gaps. These activities were incorporated with capacity building activities and high-level meetings with related stakeholders in disaster risk management using the concept of Fast-Leveraging-Easy-Economical-Sustain (FLEES). All three pilot projects had successfully proven to achieve their objectives by improving the capacities of National Meteorological Services in those three countries to produce multi-hazards early warning in higher resolution at a regional scale for disaster management in their respective countries.
Highlights
Tonga, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon are geographically located in the Pacific Ocean with multiple hazards lurking into the small islands of Pacific Island Countries
It was identified that there are lacks of infrastructure to operate high-resolution weather, ocean wave, and climate modelling and observation data, such as server, forecasting tools, and equipment for early warning system; standard operating procedure to implement the Common Alert Protocol (CAP); allocated budget for development of early warning system; human resources capacities and understanding of numerical weather and climate prediction. These findings became a challenge for BMKG experts to conduct the pilot projects milestones in the field since there was a limited time to accomplish the work
Human resources capacities and understanding of numerical weather, ocean, and climate prediction and forecasting tools were increased/ better enhanced in the given time. Easy: application of new tools should be be facilitated so that hands-on training on the numerical weather and climate prediction were able to be delivered in an interactive and engaging manner with a studentcentered approach to enable participants to comprehend the material in the given time. Economical: implementation of the new methodology is unnecessarily required much additional investment and as far as possible optimizing the existing one
Summary
Papua New Guinea, and Solomon are geographically located in the Pacific Ocean with multiple hazards lurking into the small islands of Pacific Island Countries. Based on the gap analysis and assessment conducted beforehand in Fiji and Samoa, it was recognized that there are crucial challenges in terms of institutional and technical capacities in Multi-Hazards Early Warning System (MHEWS) in Pacific Region National Meteorological Services (NMSs). Focal points from the three selected BMKG-ESCAP pilot projects in Tonga, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and the Solomon Islands have drafted carefully the work plan with the specific focus on the most frequent hazard. The training objectives were to improve and strengthen institutional and technical capacities and qualities of MHEWS within the Meteorological Services in those three countries These projects were funded by the Government of Japan which are implemented under the close collaboration of Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP) [9]
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