Strengthening Families Facing Breast Cancer: Emerging Trends and Clinical Recommendations

Abstract

Breast cancer is the second most prevalent form of cancer (after skin cancer) among American women, with one of eight women expected to receive a breast cancer diagnosis in her lifetime. Breast cancer not only impacts the patient, but also his or her family members. Family members commonly experience diminished psychological and physical well-being, particularly in the period following diagnosis, during active treatment, and in the terminal phase. Partners are vulnerable to distress because they often believe they need to be strong for the patient and other family members while simultaneously grappling with their own fear, sadness, and helplessness. There are many support systems for individuals with breast cancer (e.g., medical, friends and family, organizations, peer support groups), however, partners often provide rather than receive support. Families of breast cancer patients are healthier when each member of the couple is cared for and when the couple subsystem is supported. This chapter outlines common issues experienced by breast cancer patients and their family members, particularly intimate partners, during different phases of the cancer experience including diagnosis, treatment, and recurrence. When managed effectively, breast cancer can change families in surprising and positive ways. For example, family members of cancer patients have reported increased self-esteem, enriched relationships, and improved adaptability. It is suggested that future research studies focus on family members of male, LGBT, and racial-ethnic minority breast cancer patients. Effective psychological interventions for couples in which one member has breast cancer and clinical recommendations for strengthening the family during this stressful time are provided.