Abstract
The strengthening effects in nano-/ultrafine-grained carbon nanotube reinforced-titanium (CNT/Ti) composites are investigated based on the dislocation punched zone (DPZ) model from two aspects: CNT reinforcement and matrix grain refinement. Considering the geometrically necessary dislocations constrained in DPZs, the CNT/Ti composites are treated as three-phase composites consisting of CNTs, the DPZs, and the pure matrix. By using the Clyne method, the overall true stress–true strain relations of the CNT/Ti composites are predicted by finite element modeling. The predictions agree well with the experimental results. Then, the influences of the diameter, the aspect ratio, and the volume fraction of CNTs, as well as the matrix grain size, on the strengthening mechanisms in CNT/Ti composites are investigated. The results show that the grain refinement of the matrix increases the overall strength and simultaneously decreases the thermal expansion mismatch strengthening induced by CNTs. It can be concluded that the strength of CNT/Ti composites can be enhanced by increasing the aspect ratio and the volume fraction of CNTs, as well as by decreasing the matrix grain size and the diameter of CNTs. This work presents a method to easily allow the use of readily available finite element software to obtain the overall mechanical response of composites and helps to design composites with excellent mechanical properties.
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