Abstract
Many of the well-established strengthening and toughening mechanisms for oxide ceramics are also applicable to hard materials based on borides and carbides. Chemical complications, however, limit a similar successful combination of phases, yielding metal matrix cemented borides and transformation toughening by ZrO 2 additives. Hence the most encouraging methods for improvement of the mechanical properties are grain size refinement by growth-retarding additives and crack-propagation-influencing mechanisms such as crack deflection, microcrack interaction and crack impediment. Ternary cemented borides, liquid-phase-sintered TiB 2, B 4C- and SiC-based composites as well as ZrO 2-toughened TiB 2 are discussed as successful examples.
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