Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic, strength, and combined training on metabolic disorders induced by a fructose-rich diet. Wistar rats (120 days old) were randomized into five groups (n = 8–14): C (control diet and sedentary), F (fed the fructose-rich diet and sedentary), FA (fed the fructose-rich diet and subject to aerobic exercise), FS (fed the fructose-rich diet and subject to strength exercise), and FAS (fed the fructose-rich diet and subject to combined aerobic and strength exercises). After the 8-week experiment, glucose homeostasis, blood biochemistry, tissue triglycerides, and inflammation were evaluated and analyzed. The strength protocol exerted greater effects on glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and liver lipid contents than other protocols (all P < 0.05). All three exercise protocols induced a remarkable reduction in inflammation, tissue triglyceride content, and inflammatory pathways, which was achieved through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and factor nuclear kappa B (NFkB) activation in both the liver and the muscle. Our data suggest that strength training reduced the severity of most of the metabolic disorders induced by a fructose-rich diet and could be the most effective strategy to prevent or treat fructose-induced metabolic diseases.
Highlights
Knowledge, no previous study has compared different exercise modalities on metabolic disorders induced by a fructose-rich diet in rats
For the first animal (1Ai), the minimum lactate (ML) was obtained at a workload of 2.67% of body weight and the blood lactate concentration was 4.87 mM
The results provided by this test were used as standards for each of the two animals during each session of physical exercise and adjusted weekly according to changes in body weight
Summary
Knowledge, no previous study has compared different exercise modalities (aerobic, strength, or combined training) on metabolic disorders induced by a fructose-rich diet in rats. We compared the effects of aerobic, strength, and combined training on insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and inflammation with minor or no changes in the body weight of Wistar rats. To achieve such a deleterious metabolic environment with no changes in body weight, we used fructose, a common nutrient present in Western diets[14,19]
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