Abstract
Defects and heterogeneities degrade the strength of glass with different surface and subsurface properties. This study uses surface nanostructures to improve the bending strength of glass and investigates the effect of defects on three glass types. Borosilicate and aluminosilicate glasses with a higher defect density than fused silica exhibited 118 and 48 % improvement, respectively, in bending strength after surface nanostructure fabrication. Fused silica, exhibited limited strength improvement. Therefore, a 4-μm-deep square notch was fabricated to study the effect of a dominant defect in low defect density glass. The reduced bending strength of fused silica caused by artificial defect increased 65 % in the presence of 2-μm-deep nanostructures, and the fused silica regained its original strength when the nanostructures were 4 μm deep. In fragmentation tests, the fused silica specimen broke into two major portions because of the creation of artificial defects. The number of fragments increased when nanostructures were fabricated on the fused silica surface. Bending strength improvement and fragmentation test confirm the usability of this method for glasses with low defect densities when a dominant defect is present on the surface. Our findings indicate that nanostructure-based strengthening is suitable for all types of glasses irrespective of defect density, and the observed Weibull modulus enhancement confirms the reliability of this method.
Highlights
Glass substrates, such as fused silica, quartz, borosilicate, aluminosilicate, and soda lime, have been widely incorporated into displays, optical elements, optoelectronic devices, and solar cells [1, 2]
The Ag nanoparticles acted as a mask for nanostructure formation during dry anisotropic etching by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)
The absence of a dominant stress concentration point on the glass substrates with a lower defect density may result in limited strength improvement, but these substrates are more suitable for analyzing the effect of artificial defects than are glass substrates with high-density defects
Summary
Glass substrates, such as fused silica, quartz, borosilicate, aluminosilicate, and soda lime, have been widely incorporated into displays, optical elements, optoelectronic devices, and solar cells [1, 2]. The existence of surface or subsurface defects and inhomogeneity strongly impedes the applicability of these fragile materials [3, 4]. In the presence of surface and subsurface defects, the measured strength of glass and other brittle materials is significantly lower than the theoretical strength value [5,6,7]. Most common defects or dark spots result from handling, fixturing, chemomechanical polishing, cleaning, glazing, cutting, and dicing [9]. These defects typically appear as microcracks, affecting the strength, mechanical performance, and lifespan of glass [8, 10]
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