Abstract
This paper presents results of undrained and unconsolidated (UU) triaxial tests related to the influence of tire waste addition on strength characteristics of red clay from Patoka in Southern Poland. Angle of internal friction and cohesion values were estimated for 30 specimens prepared from pure red clay (RC), its mixtures with two different fractions of shredded rubber in 5%, 10%, and 25% mass proportions as well as for pure powder (P) and granulate (G). It has been observed that the addition of granulate contributes more to the increase in the angle of friction than the addition of powder (uu = +1% (G-5) / +16% (G-10) / +31% (G-25), uu = +1% (P-5) / +10% (P-10) / +19% (P-25)). On the other hand, rubber additions reduce cohesion in mixtures, and the effect is enhanced with increases in their grain size and percentage composition (cuu = −31% (G-5) / −63% (G-10) / −87% (G-25), cuu = −67% (P-5) / −58% (P-10) / −58% (P-25)). It has been noticed that a change of parameters uu and cuu causes a decline of shear stresses at increasing granulate content. There is an inverse relationship for powder. At the same time, it has been shown that the failure strain, hence a change in red clay-rubber (RCR) mixtures plasticity, is related to the level of confining stress 3 and the type of rubber waste. Results of tests and their comparison with results of other researchers show that each time it is necessary to experimentally verify a given soil with specific rubber waste.
Highlights
The contemporary world grapples with many problems, including the disposal of a huge number of waste car tires (referred to as ‘end-of-life tires’ (ELT)) and the need to strengthen or to reuse weak fine-grained soils, in particular expansive clays
It has been shown that the failure strain, a change in red clay-rubber (RCR) mixtures plasticity, is related to the level of confining stress σ3 and the type of rubber waste
The influence of the rubber addition on red clay was already observed at the stage of specimens
Summary
The contemporary world grapples with many problems, including the disposal of a huge number of waste car tires (referred to as ‘end-of-life tires’ (ELT)) and the need to strengthen or to reuse weak fine-grained soils, in particular expansive clays. Methods of various rubber types waste management ( tires) are regulated by appropriate laws and regulations, which require tests to be performed on new applications, e.g., in civil engineering works (reported by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) [3]). Their use as backfills for road and railway embankments or as retaining wall backfills (e.g., [4,5,6,7,8,9]) or adding them to asphalt mixtures (e.g., [10,11]) or as buildings protection against earthquakes (e.g., [12]).
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