Strength and durability of green concrete

Abstract

The waste and by–products from industries, thermal plants, and recycled materials have been used historically in cement, concrete and other constructional activities. By–products such as fly ash, bottom ash, silica fume, etc., gains its utilisation owing to their physical, chemical and engineering properties when used either by processing or directly on concrete. This paper was aimed in making concrete green and durable by utilisation of bottom ash as sand replacement material in concrete that can conserve river sand from exploitation and also prevents environmental pollution caused by bottom ash which is dumped in the form of slurry as ash ponds. Bottom ash is replaced for river sand for 30%, 60%, and 100% in concrete. The strength and durability of concrete was evaluated to find its potential application in concrete. Experimental results show that 30% bottom ash can beneficially be added to the concrete to produce 40–50 MPa without affecting the strength. The durability of bottom ash exhibited superior and better performance than reference concrete.