Abstract
The Aripuana River basin is part of one of the most biodiverse hydrographic basins on the planet; however, the lack of information on fish diversity in the basin is notable, particularly upstream to the Dardanelos and Andorinhas waterfalls complex. For this study, we sampled 50 m stretches of 71 streams in the Aripuana River basin, upstream and downstream of the Dardanelos and Andorinhas waterfalls complex. Sampling occurred in the drought period in 2013 and 2014. A total of 11,334 specimens were capture, belonging to five orders, 21 families and 80 species. Among the 80 species, 71 were caught in the downstream and 45 in the upstream region. Overall, there were 36 species in both upstream and downstream samples, 35 exclusive to the downstream segment, and nine were restricted to the upstream region. Despite the low levels of current knowledge, at least 15 endemic fish species could be present in the Aripuana River basin, and four from these 15 species were sampled in this study. Dardanelos and Andorinhas waterfalls complex are important barriers and we found significant differences in fish assemblage between upstream and downstream regions.
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