Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (EPDENs) have recently been isolated and evaluated as potential bioactive nutraceutical biomolecules. It has been hypothesized that EPDENs may exert their activity on mammalian cells through their specific cargo. In this study, we isolated and purified EPDENs from the strawberry juice of Fragaria x ananassa (cv. Romina), a new cultivar characterized by a high content of anthocyanins, folic acid, flavonols, and vitamin C and an elevated antioxidant capacity. Fragaria-derived EPDENs were purified by a series of centrifugation and filtration steps. EPDENs showed size and morphology similar to mammalian extracellular nanovesicles. The internalization of Fragaria-derived EPDENs by human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) did not negatively affect their viability, and the pretreatment of MSCs with Fragaria-derived EPDENs prevented oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. This is possibly due to the presence of vitamin C inside the nanovesicle membrane. The analysis of EPDEN cargo also revealed the presence of small RNAs and miRNAs. These findings suggest that Fragaria-derived EPDENs may be considered nanoshuttles contained in food, with potential health-promoting activity.
Highlights
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, nanosized vesicles that are constitutively released by almost all types of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells [1,2]
We recently demonstrated that edible plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (EPDENs) from Citrus limon L. contain small RNA, vitamin C, and citrate; this cargo is able to prevent oxidative stress in human cells and modulate their differentiation versus the osteogenic lineage [12]
EPDENs were isolated from Fragaria x ananassa
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, nanosized vesicles that are constitutively released by almost all types of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells [1,2]. They contain metabolites, proteins, lipids, RNAs, miRNAs, mRNAs, and DNAs and can transfer their cargo to recipient cells, playing a fundamental role as extracellular messengers to mediate cell–cell communication [3]. Exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) may have originally evolved in plants as a means of communication between plant cells and as a way of modulating the first-line innate immune defenses that plants deploy upon pathogen invasion [13].
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