Abstract
ABSTRACT Brazil depends almost entirely on imported strawberry cultivars, which burdens production costs and results in the use of genotypes with less adaptation to the Brazilian cropping conditions. To reverse this scenario, it is necessary to strengthen strawberry breeding in Brazil. Otherwise, the country will remain dependent on imported cultivars and producers will continue to be required to collect royalties. In this context, public institutions in Brazil, such as the State University of the Midwest Paraná (UNICENTRO), have been successfully conducting strawberry breeding programs, with the objective of launching cultivars in the short term. Crosses between the cultivars in use in the country, with the subsequent development and selection of seedlings, have shown to be the way to generate national genotypes better adapted to the tropical and subtropical climate conditions of Brazil. In this work, in addition to the main results obtained so far by the UNICENTRO strawberry breeding program, we report information on strawberry origin, taxonomy and phylogenetic description, genotype sensitivity to photoperiod, breeding history in Brazil, and objectives, methods, and techniques employed by the current strawberry breeding in Brazil.
Highlights
O Brasil depende quase que na totalidade de cultivares de morangueiro importadas, o que resulta em custos mais altos para os produtores e menor adaptação dos genótipos às condições brasileiras de cultivo
Imported seedlings generally only arrive in Brazil on the end of April, in detriment to producers of regions where climatic conditions allow cropping seasons to begin in March
The development of new cultivars adapted to the tropical and subtropical climate of Brazil demands the commitment of professionals from several sub-areas of agronomic knowledge, once it requires the assessment of tolerance to pathogens and pests and the evaluation of plant morphological and productive characteristics and fruit physicochemical traits
Summary
AR Zeist & JTV Resende strategy to reduce the dependence of imported cultivars. Local breeding would be in the position of offering high-quality genetic material, well adapted to the Brazilian conditions, to the strawberry chain. Productivity in strawberry is influenced mainly by the interaction between temperature and photoperiod, soil conditions, and the incidence of pests and pathogens Such a combination makes the identification of promising materials in the early stages of the breeding program into a challenge. It was observed that the casual cross between F. chiloensis and F. virginiana resulted in very aromatic fruits, remembering the pineapple, which botanists denominated Fragaria x ananassa (Darrow, 1966). This species quickly spread throughout Europe and, later, to the other continents. Nonofficial information suggests that the commercial-scale planting began around 1950, in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Sul and expanded in the following decade with the launching of cultivar Campinas. Darrow (1966) and Zawadneak et al (2013) report comprehensive information on strawberry history, origin, and genealogy
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