Abstract
Two simple and computationally efficient models for simulating stratospheric ozone in three‐dimensional global transport models are presented. The first, linearized ozone (or Linoz), is a first‐order Taylor expansion of stratospheric chemical rates in which the ozone tendency has been linearized about the local ozone mixing ratio, temperature, and the overhead column ozone density. The second, synthetic ozone (or Synoz), is a passive, ozone‐like tracer released into the stratosphere at a rate equivalent to that of the cross‐tropopause ozone flux which, based on measurements and tracer‐tracer correlations, we have calculated to be 475±120 Tg/yr. Linoz and Synoz have been evaluated in the UC Irvine chemical transport model (CTM) with three different archived meteorological fields: the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM) version II′, the GISS GCM version II, and merged forecast data from the European Centre forecast model (EC/Oslo). Linoz produced realistic annual, cross‐tropopause fluxes of 421 Tg/yr for the GISS II′ winds and 458 Tg/yr for the EC/Oslo winds; the GISS II winds produced an unrealistic flux of 790 Tg/yr. Linoz and Synoz profiles in the vicinity of the tropopause using the GISS II′ and EC/Oslo winds were found to be in good agreement with observations. We conclude that either approach may be adequate for a CTM focusing on tropospheric chemistry but that Linoz can also be used for calculating ozone fields interactively with the stratospheric circulation in a GCM. A future version of Linoz will allow for evolving background concentrations of key source gases, such as CH4 and N2O, and thus be applicable for long‐term climate simulations.
Highlights
Two simple and computationally ecient models for simulating stratosphericozonein three-dimensionalglobal transport modelsare presented
Linearized Ozone (Linoz) and Synthetic Ozone (Synoz) profilesin the vicinityof the tropopauseusingthe GISSIIt andEC/Oslo windswere found to be in good agreementwith observations.We concludethat either approach may be adequate for a contourheightsare transport model (CTM) focusingon troposphericchemistry but that Linoz can be used for calculating ozone fields interactively with the stratosphcric circulation in a GCM
The shape local ozone mixing ratio, temperature, and overhead of the Synoz contours closely resemblesthat of the column ozone density
Summary
We developtwo simple and computationally efficient to long-livedsourcegasessuchasCH4 andN20 for 21st ozone models in this paper. The first is an interac- century climate changestudies. Tive linear modelfor ozone(Linoz) chemistry.Sucha The remainder of this paper is organizedas follows: model was first used in 3-D models by Cariolle and Linoz is presentedin section, includingits formula-. Dqu [1986]and later by Prather et al [1990]. In this method the ozone chemical tendency is expressed
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