Abstract
Belgrade area is a region of high paleobiodiversity, being ranked among the best known in Serbia. The prominent position among a number of Middle Miocene (Badenian) fossiliferous sites in the vicinity of Belgrade (southern Pannonian Basin, Central Paratethys) are occupied with sediments of Rakovica stream, also known as ?Rakovica sands?. Here, the integrated evidence based on new fossil findings of calcareous nannoplankton, foraminifera and molluscs assemblages, allows the stratigraphic revision of the clastic facies of the Rakovica succession. Based on the studies of lithological composition, high paleodiversity molluscs fauna and local palaeogeographical setting, it can be concluded with reasonable certainty that deposits of Rakovica stream entitled ?Rakovica sand? represents a sandstone of the shallow marine (littoral) environment during Lower Badenian time. Large benthic foraminifera Ammonia viennensis (d?ORBigny), and Borelis haueri (d?ORBigny) as well as zone marker nn5 Sphaenolithus heteromorphus defLandRe correspond to this biostratigraphic level. during the late early Miocene and Middle Miocene (Badenian), the climate in the Central Paratehys was mainly subtropical. This is supported at its southern margin by the presence of thermophilous mollusc taxa, as well as the Conidae, Strombidae, Xenophoridae, Pleurotomidae, Turridae, Muricidae, etc. Consequently, the investigated deposit can be ascribed to the early Badenian which biostratigraphically corresponds to the nn5 nannozone by correlation with successions in theirs type-areas to the Central Paratethys, and defines preciously the time of the marine transgression in this area.
Highlights
The shallow marine deposits are famous for a long time for their highly diverse and excellently preserved foraminifers and mollusc assemblages. in Serbia, the largest spatial distribution of badenian sediments exposed on the surface can be found in belgrade and its vicinity, where they have been best studied due to the rich mollusc fauna. the bryozoa, spongia, corals, ostracods, along with the crabs and fish remains are present
The intense efforts directed at resolving stratigraphic problems have not yet been matched with the latest researches of Badenian sediment of Central Paratethys. as pointed out by JOvanOvić et al (2019a), a biostratigraphic revision is required for some Badenian localities. in order to check the stratigraphic position of sediments from the Rakovica stream, several samples have been analysed in respect to nannoplankton, foraminifers and molluscs
The existing information of the Middle Miocene calcareous nannofossil species from the Serbia sites: višnjica and Koceljeva (Western Serbia) have been published by MiHaJLOvić & KneŽević (1989), and JOvanOvić et al (2019a). age of these deposits corresponds to the calcareous nannoplankton Sphenolithus heteromorphus zone. a similarity is registered between the nannofossil assemblages of Lower Badenian deposits in Serbia, Transylvania, Slovenia, Bosnia, as reported by several authors (BaRTOL, 2009; CHiRa & vuLC (2003); MiHaJLOvić & KneŽević (1989), or between the other fauna (CHaiX et al, 2018; JOvanOvić et al, 2019a)
Summary
The shallow marine deposits are famous for a long time for their highly diverse and excellently preserved foraminifers and mollusc assemblages. in Serbia, the largest spatial distribution of badenian sediments exposed on the surface can be found in belgrade and its vicinity, where they have been best studied due to the rich mollusc fauna. the bryozoa, spongia, corals, ostracods, along with the crabs and fish remains are present. For the southern margin of Central Paratethys, some independent age constraints were established by working in the last decade (ćOrić et al, 2009; PeZelj et al, 2013; SanT et al, 2018; jOvanOvić et al, 2019a; jOvanOvić et al, 2019a; MandiC et al, 2019). These regions of the Pannonian basin were flooded later than the northern and western regions during the early badenian (ćOrić et al, 2009; SanT et al, 2017; jOvanOvić, 2018). The outcropping rocks exposed on the rakovica valley are part of the upper badenian with most authors (ganić et al, 2016, MandiC et al, 2019, rundić et al, 2019). recently, the latest discovery in Serbia (jOvanOviĆet al., 2019a) modified previous biostratigraphical results of some localities and indicated the necessity of stratigraphic revision of rakovica and some other localities in the region
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