Stratigraphy, geometry, and facies of a Middle Devonian ramp-to-basin transect (Eastern Anti-Atlas, SE Morocco)

Abstract

In the castern Anti-Atlas (SE Morocco), a small sedimentary basin (Mader Basin) evolved during the late Palacozoic. The Middle Devonian deposits consist of shales and limestones with a thickness up to 700 m in the depocentre. Sedimentary structures and sole marks of Middle Devonian limestones indicate transport from the northwest and the south towards the basin centre, located in the central Mader area. Lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, and dynamic stratigraphic approaches were applied to correlate stratigraphic sections. Five correlatable large-scale base-level hemicycles were recognized in the Middle Devonian succession. Thickness trends of Middle Devonian deposits, regional correlations, and facies-trends reveal the geometry of a carbonate ramp. The carbonate ramp was slightly inclined (<1°) to the NE. A sedimentary wedge, consisting of limestones and limestone/marl alternations, was deposited during the Eifelian and marks the transition from the ramp to the adjacent basin. Middle Devonian water depths are estimated as close to and within the storm wave-base at the southern area of the ramp and far below storm wave-base in the northeastern part of the ramp. Shallowest conditions (inner-ramp environment), close or within the fairweather wave-base, existed during the early Givetian as documented by the abundance of recfal fauna (stromatoporoids, corals) and calcimicrobes (lumps, micritic envelopes) in the eastern and southeastern area of the ramp.