Abstract
Summary Evaluation of the accumulation of Minette- and Clinton-type ironstones in terms of stratigraphic successions and regional facies patterns provides a sequence of types from condensed ‘iron shot’ muddy carbonates over barrier bars to distal tempestite deposits. A lagoonal origin of iron-oolites is derived and discussed. Biogenetic carbonate production and a biogenic contribution to iron-oolite formation, as well as replacement patterns of carbonate by iron-minerals indicate that (1) ironstone formation is related to environmental changes in the course of transgressive-regressive cycles and (2) formation of iron-ooids occured in environments with short term fluctuations between oxidizing and reducing conditions. Adopting this dynamic viewpoint allows dissolution and precipitation of iron ‘side-by-side’ without contradicting classical models.
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