Abstract
Stem cell research is essential not only for the research and treatment of human diseases, but also for the genetic preservation and improvement of animals. Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were established in mice, substantial efforts have been made to establish true ESCs in many species. Although various culture conditions were used to establish ESCs in cattle, the capturing of true bovine ESCs (bESCs) has not been achieved. In this review, the difficulty of establishing bESCs with various culture conditions is described, and the characteristics of proprietary induced pluripotent stem cells and extended pluripotent stem cells are introduced. We conclude with a suggestion of a strategy for establishing true bESCs.
Highlights
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technique for generating embryos with genomic information identical to that of donor cells
We focus on embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and other pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in bovine species, along with their limitations
We introduced the characteristics of bovine-derived pluripotent stem cells of various origins
Summary
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technique for generating embryos with genomic information identical to that of donor cells. Two different types of representative ESC have been identified, naïve and primed states, reflecting the cellular characteristics of pre- and post-implantation embryos, respectively [23] These two states present very similar features, they differ from each other in terms of some features, including their morphology, dependent signals for maintaining pluripotency, and their contribution to chimera formation [24]. In large animals such as cattle, substantial efforts have been made to establish ESCs. it is still challenging to establish genuine ESCs, which might be related to species-specific characteristics of their reproduction and development. We present new insights to establish authentic bovine ESCs (bESCs) and SCNT-bESCs
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