STRATEGY OF LAND MANAGEMENT AND GEODESIC SURVEYS DURING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS AND RAILWAYS

Abstract

Purpose. To consider the strategy of land management in the context of determining the boundaries of earthworks during the projecting of highways and railways, in areas requiring the construction of water drain constructions. Explore design techniques in numerical projections. Prove the simplicity and convenience of the above method. Methodology. Using the method of projections with numerical marks, the issues of designing the earth's canvas and drainage facilities are considered. Findings. In the design of roads and railways in areas where it is possible to cross the road surface with superficial waters (in sections of the wells, in areas with a longitudinal slope of more than 3 %, in the places of turns and concave vertical curves in the longitudinal profile, in places of opposite slopes) it is necessary to predict – a system of surface drainage. An example of the creation of drainage cuvettes is given. Originality. The simplicity and ease of use of projections with numerical marks in designing roads is established. The method of construction of drainage cuvettes with removal of them from the eaves of the earth canvas is considered in detail, which is not sufficiently considered in the literature. Practical value. When designing and building roads, the first factors influencing the final result are the quality of geodetic surveys and design work. Therefore, it is important to study the issue of drainage of surface water from the earth's canvas, because the technical solutions adopted in the project should ensure both the safety of traffic and high transport and road performance indicators, as well as the durability of engineering structures with a minimum level of material and financial costs.