Strategy for Restoration of Brine-Disturbed Land

Abstract

Brine-affected land at oil exploration sites is a prime source of pollution to soil, plant, and aquatic communities. The two primary effects of brine on soil are (1) degradation of soil structure and (2) alteration of the osmotic gradient between plant roots and the soil. Runoff from the damaged land also degrades the quality of receiving streams. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of damage caused by brine on a productive land and two adjacent streams. Data on soil quality revealed that over time the combined effects of brine and erosion had left the land devoid of vegetation. Detailed soil analyses showed elevated levels of soluble salt, moderate pH (7.5), high clay content (>38%), electrical conductivity values that ranged from 7 to 62 dSm−1, and very high exchangeable sodium percentage (70%). The water quality of the two receiving streams was severely impacted by high salt and sediment loading. Based on soil and water quality data from the disturbed site, a strategy was developed to rehabilitate the land by a combination of engineering and agronomic practices. Six months after the rehabilitation, approximately 90% of the land had been restored with full establishment of seeded Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon).