Strategy for mitigating health and environmental risks from vehicle emissions in South Tangerang

Abstract

<abstract><p>Increasing emissions from mobile sources have become a major focus in terms of health, environmental sustainability, and climate change. South Tangerang City is the Indonesian city with the highest yearly average pollution level. This study's objectives are to quantify the levels of pollutant concentrations that endanger human health and the environment and to devise a plan for reducing the pollution brought on by vehicle emissions. This study used an analytic observational research design. Data was taken from 32 points in 7 sub-districts in the city of South Tangerang with human and environmental samples. Human samples using the Hazard Quotient. Data is processed using Stella for the next 30 years. HQ value of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and CO pollution has risen to greater than 1, endangering human health. CO and PM2.5, with HQ values of 3.315 and 1.644, both present serious health concerns. The accumulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and CO pollutants over the next 30 years will have a substantial impact on South Tangerang's environmental conditions. South Tangerang could encourage the growth of a smart city by supporting the use of electric vehicles. Human health is at risk due to the increase in the HQ value of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and CO pollution above 1. The environmental conditions in South Tangerang be significantly impacted by PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and CO pollutants over the ensuing 30 years. A mitigation strategy is needed in the form of smart transportation in the form of electric vehicles</p></abstract>