Abstract
Linear small hole transport materials (HTMs) with strong π−π interactions show high hole mobility. However, they suffer from inferior glass transition temperature (Tg) and low solubility, which adversely affect surface morphology of HTMs, compromising the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, we describe a new molecular design strategy to enhance the Tg of linear small HTMs without sacrificing the solubility, that is, constructing HTMs with fluorinated planar donor and π-bridge containing noncovalent conformational locking. The resulting linear HTM SL22 represents a high Tg and crystallization temperature while having a good solubility, leading to optimal film morphology. Moreover, SL22-based devices show improved hole-transporting properties, thermal stability and reduced non-radiative recombination as compared to the control device based on SL21. As a result, the optimized PSCs based on doped and dopant-free SL22 deliver a high PCE of 22.26 % and 19.53 %, respectively. Importantly, the unencapsulated device based on SL22 maintains over 94 % of its initial efficiency after 800 h at 60 °C in the N2 filled glove-box.
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