Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence and socioeconomic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide among school children thereby raising a public health concern.Aim: The aim of the review was to explore global literature concerning the various strategies utilised in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus among school children and their efficacy.Methodology: A retrospective search of articles published from 2009 to 2019 was done. The following electronic databases; Cochrane, Embase, ERIC, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDRO, PubMed and Science Direct were individually searched using specifically developed search strategies. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool and by two independent reviewers.Results: Eleven studies of sound quality were included. The studies show that primary prevention of type 2 diabetes among school children is cardinal as children will grow up knowing about the disease and its consequences. The prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus requires various combinations of interventional program elements including dietary education/counselling, physical activity, diabetes knowledge, competence building, school, social and community support being considered concurrently. None of the studies identified was done in Africa.Conclusion: Findings concretise that healthy diets and exercise outcomes coupled with explicit programs are key to type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention among school children.
Highlights
The prevalence and socioeconomic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide among school children thereby raising a public health concern
The combined global prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among youths has increased from 9% to 23% (May et al, 2012) with a rising in overall prevalence diagnosed cases in the past decade (Yeow et al, 2019)
The sample of the participants in the included studies ranged from 65 to 4603 with the age group ranging from 9 years to 18 years and the sample mean age of 13.5 years. 3.1 Outcomes Six of the studies reported significant improvement in physical activity performance and knowledge in the intervention group compared to the control group with results significant at P
Summary
The prevalence and socioeconomic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide among school children thereby raising a public health concern. Aim: The aim of the review was to explore global literature concerning the various strategies utilised in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus among school children and their efficacy. The prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus requires various combinations of interventional program elements including dietary education/counselling, physical activity, diabetes knowledge, competence building, school, social and community support being considered concurrently. The combined global prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among youths has increased from 9% to 23% (May et al, 2012) with a rising in overall prevalence diagnosed cases in the past decade (Yeow et al, 2019). Type 2 diabetes mellitus, once considered a rare condition among the young population, accounts for about 15% to 45% of all newly diagnosed cases of diabetes in children and teenagers drastically surpassing type 1 diabetes in some regions (Cara, 2019)
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