Abstract
Electrical energy storage systems (EESSs) with high energy density and power density are essential for the effective miniaturization of future electronic devices. Among different EESSs available in the market, dielectric capacitors relying on swift electronic and ionic polarization-based mechanisms to store and deliver energy already demonstrate high power densities. However, different intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to energy dissipations prevent ceramic-based dielectric capacitors from reaching high recoverable energy density levels. Interestingly, relaxor ferroelectric-based dielectric capacitors, because of their low remnant polarization, show relatively high energy density and thus display great potential for applications requiring high energy density properties. In this study, some of the main strategies to improve the energy density properties of perovskite lead-free relaxor systems are reviewed, including (i) chemical modification at different crystallographic sites, (ii) chemical additives that do not target lattice sites, and (iii) novel processing approaches dedicated to bulk ceramics, thick and thin films, respectively. Recent advancements are summarized concerning the search for relaxor materials with superior energy density properties and the appropriate choice of both composition and processing routes to match various applications’ needs. Finally, future trends in computationally-aided materials design are presented.
Highlights
The challenges associated with the growing world population and the increased degree of interconnection of electronic devices worldwide bring about an increase in energy consumption, which needs to be tackled off-grid by a new generation of stand-alone electrical energy storage systems (EESSs) compensating for the discontinuity of renewable energy sources [1]
Relaxors for energy storage based on perovskite lead-free BTO, in particular, are of aresome interesting materialsstrategies that haveused shown extraordinary potentials great Relaxor interest. ferroelectrics
Relaxors for energy storage based on perovskite lead-free BTO, in particular, are of great interest
Summary
The challenges associated with the growing world population and the increased degree of interconnection of electronic devices worldwide bring about an increase in energy consumption, which needs to be tackled off-grid by a new generation of stand-alone electrical energy storage systems (EESSs) compensating for the discontinuity of renewable energy sources [1]. Converting harvested renewable energy to electrical energy and storing it to be readily available anytime for the needs of electronic devices is the primary solution. (3) electrochemical capacitors, and (4) dielectric capacitors [2] These EESS classes’ appropriateness for a specific application is generally decided by two important parameters, namely the energy density (ED) and the power density. V. Ragone [3], is often used to show the energy and power available for a certain load, i.e., energy density vs power density. It is important to note that the Ragone plot depicts
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