Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the definition of (infringement) and its effects on human beings and their activities and knowledge of the reasons for the infringement on infrastructure services in the study area in order to come up with solutions and proposals that achieve cost, effort and time savings since the work was based on the descriptive and analytical approach by diagnosing the characteristics and indications of the breaking windows theory and the most important scientific experiments. That it included identifying indicators of the urban encroachment phenomenon to build the necessary strategies within the study area to address the research problem.
Highlights
The most prominent way to test the phenomenon of urban encroachment is to apply the theory of broken windows, which states that a person possesses the ability, capacity, love of discipline, and adherence to laws and public morals when he finds an environment that encourages that, but quickly releases from this commitment when it sees the chaos around it and that the theory of the broken window clarifies We have that every problem, whether small or large, is left unresolved in a particular environment that greatly affects people's attitude towards that environment and leads to the emergence of more problems
Research theory The implications of the broken windows theory offer a rationale for the evaluation and treatment of the phenomenon of urban encroachment on infrastructure facilities, and it leads to the implementation of planning policy in the study area to counter this phenomenon
Research Methodology The research is based on a descriptive and analytical approach by diagnosing the characteristics and connotations of the broken windows theory and the most important scientific experiments are included in order to determine indicators of the urban encroachment phenomenon, in particular on infrastructure services; And evaluate the phenomenon indicators using the on-site questionnaire and the methods and planning methods used to establish the appropriate strategies for solving the research issue within the study field
Summary
The most prominent way to test the phenomenon of urban encroachment is to apply the theory of broken windows, which states that a person possesses the ability, capacity, love of discipline, and adherence to laws and public morals when he finds an environment that encourages that, but quickly releases from this commitment when it sees the chaos around it and that the theory of the broken window clarifies We have that every problem, whether small or large, is left unresolved in a particular environment that greatly affects people's attitude towards that environment and leads to the emergence of more problems. Research theory The implications of the broken windows theory offer a rationale for the evaluation and treatment of the phenomenon of urban encroachment on infrastructure facilities, and it leads to the implementation of planning policy in the study area to counter this phenomenon. Research Methodology The research is based on a descriptive and analytical approach by diagnosing the characteristics and connotations of the broken windows theory and the most important scientific experiments are included in order to determine indicators of the urban encroachment phenomenon, in particular on infrastructure services; And evaluate the phenomenon indicators using the on-site questionnaire and the methods and planning methods used to establish the appropriate strategies for solving the research issue within the study field. Field of study The study's spatial framework was calculated for the holy city of Najaf within the master plan
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