Abstract
Heat stress compromises efficient poultry production by impairing growth performance and increasing mortality. Mechanisms to dissipate excess heat divert energy from efficient production. This includes increased energy expenditure for respiration, oxidative stress and micronutrient absorption. The fortification of diets with particular feed additives has been known as one of the most important approaches to minimize the negative impacts of heat stress on broiler production. In this context, the promising functional feed additives appeared to be selenium and vitamins E and C. The fortification of broiler diets with these feed additives has been proven to enhance the function of vital organs, immune system response and growth performance of broilers under heat stress. The current review highlights recent successful experiences in the alleviation of heat stress symptoms in broilers using the above-mentioned additives. Selenium and vitamins E and C enhanced production performance in broiler chickens challenged with acute heat stress. The combination of these additives, by employing multiple mechanisms and through synergistic effects, improves heat stress symptoms more efficiently than their individual forms. Emerging literature reveals that selenium and vitamins E and C are involved in close interactions to protect proteins and lipids from oxidative damage and boost immune system function.
Highlights
A high environmental temperature is one of the most important factors that causes heat stress among chickens and negatively affects poultry production [1]
The literature survey indicated that the optimum response in terms of the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, survival rate and carcass quality in broilers under heat stress appeared to occur with average supplements of 250 mg/kg vitamin C
Considering new techniques to cope with heat stress, which has an adverse influence on the performance and meat quality during the rearing period, is a main aim of the poultry industry
Summary
A high environmental temperature is one of the most important factors that causes heat stress among chickens and negatively affects poultry production [1]. In the upper critical zone (higher than 35 ◦ C), chickens cannot dissipate their body’s heat and physiological disorders appear following multi-organ dysfunction, resulting in death [4] (Figure 1). Is defined as the temperature zone in which chickens are able toIn keep their body temperature constant with the help of physical heat regulation (normal behaviors). Emerging literature revealed that heat stressindecreased intake feed conversion ratios and mortalityrecent [14] All these negative impacts resulted low broilerfeed production and increased feed conversion ratios and mortality [14]. Due to the importance of these functional bioactive stress management, this review aimed to highlight detailed information on how these bioactive compounds heatcontribute stress management, this review aimed to highlight the detailed compoundsinmay to alleviate heat stress symptoms in the broiler industry.information on how these bioactive compounds may contribute to alleviate heat stress symptoms in the broiler industry
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