Abstract
Abstract This chapter discusses the lives of ectothermic terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians and reptiles) and how they are affected by and adapt to changing environmental conditions. The focus is on species that have adapted to life in seasonally cold environments and examine some of the specialized biochemical adaptations that support cold and freeze tolerance. The range of molecular mechanisms that are available to organisms to make adaptive changes to their biochemistry in response to environmental stress are highlighted. The climate change and ectothermic vertebrates; amphibian and reptile cold hardiness; principles of biochemical adaptation; enzymatic and metabolic adaptation; and regulation of gene expression are presented.
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