Abstract
1. 1. Amphibians are dependent on the immediate availability of free water. Two strategies of adaptation to conditions of osmotic stress in anuran Amphibia are considered. 2. 2. One is characterized by the ability to change the permeability properties of the integument, which diminishes the water evaporation through the skin to minimal values. 3. 3. In the other one, which is discussed in details based on experiments with Bufo viridis, the animals do not have protective means and are exposed to the osmotically stressful environment. They allow for large variations and great increase in the plasma osmotic and urea concentrations. 4. 4. The underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms are described, and the significance of the strategy is stressed.
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