Strategies for Tumor Hypoxia Imaging Based on Aggregation-Induced Emission Fluorogens.

Abstract

Hypoxia, as a crucial characteristic of cancer, has become an extremely significant direction for researchers to construct fluorescent probes for early diagnosis of tumors. Aggregation-induced emission fluorogens (AIEgens) possess many superior properties to those of conventional fluorophores due to aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features, such as a linear concentration-dependent increase in brightness, remarkable resistance to photobleaching, and the long-term tracking and imaging of cells. Constructing hypoxic response AIEgen-based probes will be very useful for the early diagnosis of tumors. Herein, several hypoxia-responsive probes based on AIEgens reported in the last three years are reported; these examples may lead to the construction of hypoxia-responsive AIE probes used for tumor hypoxia imaging in the future. In addition, typical, conventional hypoxia-responsive bioprobes are presented to further understand hypoxia-responsive fluorescent probes based on AIEgens.