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Abstract
SummaryMicrobial cell wall‐deconstructing enzymes are widely used in the food, wine, pulp and paper, textile, and detergent industries and will be heavily utilized by cellulosic biorefineries in the production of fuels and chemicals. Due to their ability to use freely available solar energy, genetically engineered bioenergy crops provide an attractive alternative to microbial bioreactors for the production of cell wall‐deconstructing enzymes. This review article summarizes the efforts made within the last decade on the production of cell wall‐deconstructing enzymes in planta for use in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. A number of strategies have been employed to increase enzyme yields and limit negative impacts on plant growth and development including targeting heterologous enzymes into specific subcellular compartments using signal peptides, using tissue‐specific or inducible promoters to limit the expression of enzymes to certain portions of the plant or certain times, and fusion of amplification sequences upstream of the coding region to enhance expression. We also summarize methods that have been used to access and maintain activity of plant‐generated enzymes when used in conjunction with thermochemical pretreatments for the production of lignocellulosic biofuels.
Highlights
Plant lignocellulosic biomass is mainly comprised of polymeric sugars, and polyphenolics that are found within the plant cell wall (Hu et al, 2012; Li et al, 2014)
These strategies include targeting the heterologous enzymes into specific subcellular compartments via signal peptides, using tissue-specific or inducible promoters to limit the interference of enzymes with cellular function, and fusion of amplification sequences upstream of the coding region to enhance expression
A great deal of progress has been made in the past decade on the heterologous production of cell wall-degrading enzymes in planta
Summary
Microbial cell wall-deconstructing enzymes are widely used in the food, wine, pulp and paper, textile, and detergent industries and will be heavily utilized by cellulosic biorefineries in the production of fuels and chemicals. Due to their ability to use freely available solar energy, genetically engineered bioenergy crops provide an attractive alternative to microbial bioreactors for the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes. This review article summarizes the efforts made within the last decade on the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes in planta for use in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. We summarize methods that have been used to access and maintain activity of plant-generated enzymes when used in conjunction with thermochemical pretreatments for the production of lignocellulosic biofuels
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