Abstract
Wood cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses are abundant bioresources that can be valorized as sustainable emulsion stabilizers. The lignocellulose-derived stabilizers may act as surface-active compounds, Pickering particles, or viscosity enhancers.
Highlights
The amphiphilic structures may be derived from natural associations between hemicelluloses and lignin[97] or they can be achieved by modification during the pulping process[67,83] or by derivatization of the isolated lignocellulosics.[90]
The three unique types of biopolymers that form the vast majority of wood mass—namely, cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses—can be recovered from forest industry processes and valorized into bio-based emulsion stabilizers
Functionalization of cellulose and lignin provides them with amphiphilic properties and the capacity to assemble at the oil–water interface, whilst hemicellulose-rich aqueous extracts exhibit native surface activity derived from the associations between polysaccharides and phenolic structures
Summary
The traditional forest industry was based on the refinement of cellulose—the main constituent of wood—and the other constituents, most importantly lignin and hemicelluloses, were partly lost with the process water, degraded, or burned for energy To overcome this problem, extensive research and development have been performed within the past few decades, resulting in the invention and application of methods to upgrade wood-based compounds into various types of chemicals, precursors, particles, and fuel in addition to traditional cellulosic fibers.[4,5,6]. This review discusses these conversion methods and the functionality they achieve, emphasizing the design of new safe green materials
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