Abstract
A review is presented of the range of schemes used to mathematically model the microclimate of vegetation canopies and the exchanges of momentum, heat, water vapor and other scalars between the living tissue of plants and the atmospheric surface layer. In order, are considered bulk expressions which do not take into account distinct strata within the canopy, Eulerian diffusion models employing either parallel and series resistances or eddy diffusivities, higher-order closure schemes, and large-eddy simulation. Differences primarily involve the degree to which aerodynamic characteristics of the air flow through and above vegetation are treated. The simplest models have utility in offering estimates of exchange rates that may be applied to large geographic areas, while the most advanced models are used for more fundamental studies of environmental physics.
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