Abstract
The large-scale adoption of electric vehicles in the public sector is essential for achieving emission reduction targets for transportation. In particular, the replacement of buses with internal combustion engines, which travel long distances and produce massive greenhouse gas emissions, by their electric counterparts can drastically reduce emissions. A variety of electric buses with different power supply systems are currently available, and their performance, charging type, battery capacity, and operating environment are related parameters that must be addressed for their successful and massive adoption. For instance, the appropriate charging type of electric buses depends on conditions, such as the operating environment. In this study, we determined the optimum capacity of electric bus batteries by considering the electric bus range, battery depth of discharge, and deterioration cost while using ADVISOR, which is a MATLAB-based electric vehicle simulator. In addition, we assessed the energy consumed and charging time according to the operating environments of electric buses. Finally, an economic efficiency analysis allowed for determining the appropriated charging type for electric buses. By integrating these data and analyses, we propose a comprehensive plan for selecting the most appropriate charging type according to the operating environment of these electric vehicles. We expect that the proposed plan will contribute to the adoption of electric buses and achieve the greenhouse gas reduction targets set by South Korea.
Highlights
The interest in environmental issues is increasing, owing to CO2 emission control reinforcement and the concerning greenhouse gas emissions that is caused by intensive fossil fuel use
An economic efficiency analysis allows us to determine the appropriate charging type for electric buses. Using these insights and data, we propose a plan for selecting the proper charging type according to the operating environment of public service electric buses
We found that the most suitable charging type depends on the operating environment of the route, confirming that it is necessary to consider the electric bus routes and characteristics when designing electric bus charging infrastructure
Summary
The interest in environmental issues is increasing, owing to CO2 emission control reinforcement and the concerning greenhouse gas emissions that is caused by intensive fossil fuel use. According to the International Energy Agency, the main obstacles for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles include high purchase prices, shortage of charging infrastructure, and battery service life These factors must be considered for the successful introduction of electric vehicles into the public sector [16], and various studies have been conducted to realize this objective. Using these insights and data, we propose a plan for selecting the proper charging type according to the operating environment of public service electric buses We expect that this plan will contribute to the large-scale adoption of such vehicles and to the greenhouse gas reduction targets that are set by South Korea.
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