Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting involving hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a greatly promising technology to generate sustainable and renewable energy resources, which relies on the exploration regarding the design of electrocatalysts with high efficiency, high stability, and low cost. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs), as nonprecious metallic electrocatalysts, have been extensively investigated and proved to be high-efficient electrocatalysts in both HER and OER. In this minireview, a general overview of recent progress in developing high-performance TMP electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting has been presented. Design strategies including composition engineering by element doping, hybridization, and tuning the molar ratio, structure engineering by porous structures, nanoarray structures, and amorphous structures, and surface/interface engineering by tuning surface wetting states, facet control, and novel substrate are summarized. Key scientific problems and prospective research directions are also briefly discussed.
Highlights
In the past decades, global energy consumption has been growing dramatically, with fossil fuels still providing over 80% of energy consumption, resulting in severe energy crisis and greenhouse effect (Zhang et al, 2017a; Peng et al, 2016)
We provide a general overview of the recent advances in efficient Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) for electrochemical water splitting based on the understanding of their relationship between structure and performance
It is well known that the electrocatalytic reactions proceed on the surface of electrocatalysts; tiny pore structure could lead to improving the surface area and exposing more active sites (Peng et al, 2018; Xiao et al, 2021b; Ying et al, 2018b; Ying et al, 2014b)
Summary
Global energy consumption has been growing dramatically, with fossil fuels still providing over 80% of energy consumption, resulting in severe energy crisis and greenhouse effect (Zhang et al, 2017a; Peng et al, 2016). The high cost and low abundance of precious metals are restricting the widespread application of water electrolysis technology (Ying et al, 2014a; Ying et al, 2018a; Xiao et al, 2019; Xiao et al, 2021a). Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been widely investigated and demonstrated to be very suitable for electrochemical water splitting (Dutta and Pradhan, 2017; Wang et al, 2018). It is necessary to timely provide a brief overview of this type of advanced material In this minireview, we provide a general overview of the recent advances in efficient TMPs for electrochemical water splitting based on the understanding of their relationship between structure and performance. Key scientific problems and prospective research directions are proposed
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