Abstract
Heavy metal contamination due to natural and anthropogenic sources is a global environmental concern. Release of heavy metals without proper treatment poses a serious threat to public health because of its persistence, biomagnification and accumulation in food chain. Nonbiodegradability and sludge production are the two major constraints of metal treatment. The bioremediation of soil, sludge, sediments and wastes polluted with heavy metals generally involves the active microbiological processes of biosorption, bioaccumulation, sequestration and efflux. Bioremediation using microbes well adapted to diverse physiological conditions could be utilized for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites. The application of proteomics in environmental bioremediation program provides a global view of the protein compositions of the microbial cells and offers a promising approach to understand the molecular mechanisms of bioremediation. In this chapter, attention is paid to highlighting the strategies for crop improvement using metal-tolerant microbes in soils contaminated with heavy metals.
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