Abstract
BackgroundGreenbelt, known as the most restrictive form of urban containment policy, is a geographical boundary around a city or urban region to prevent urban sprawl. In the present study, the urban greenbelt plans were investigated with spatial, temporal, and statistical attitudes in Mashhad city, Iran. Spatial and temporal data analyses were carried out in ENVI, and GIS programs based on satellite imageries in addition to the expert analyzes of SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) and QSPM (quantitative strategic planning matrix) matrixes to achieve the key strategies concerning the revitalization of a new greenbelt plan.ResultsFour temporal sequences of Landsat imageries were extracted for 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 to classify the expansion of real estates and urban sprawl. The results showed that the legal greenbelt plan failed after 10 years because the status of greenbelt in 2018 revealed nearly of occupation by sprawl expansion over than 20%. Then a new greenbelt plan was proposed around the city. Based on the lowest value of the environmental change index (ΔYi), with an average of 0.14, the proposed greenbelt plan will demonstrate an optimum efficiency in the future time intervals (2030–2050).ConclusionsTherefore, expert analyzes of SWOT and QSPM matrixes were shown that the essential weakness of greenbelt planning in the Mashhad city depends on the lack of a legal mechanism to conserve the greenbelt boundaries. Therefore, the total sum score of external factor’s matrix with the value of 2.65 demonstrated that the opportunities for greenbelt planning in the study area are more effective than threats in the study area. Ultimately, six key strategies in greenbelt planning were presented to achieve a general equilibrium through future urban development.
Highlights
Rapid urban expansion has led to several unsustainable problems such as sprawl, reconstruction, pollution, etc. (Girardet 1999)
Sprawl story based on the satellite imageries Remote sensing (RS) procedure has widely been used in environmental change detection studies at different spectral and spatial resolutions (El Asmar and Hereher 2011)
The results of the accuracy assessment were obtained with a mean overall accuracy of 78% and Kappa coefficient 75%, representing the normal ranges for urban land cover classification
Summary
Rapid urban expansion has led to several unsustainable problems such as sprawl, reconstruction, pollution, etc. (Girardet 1999). The sustainable development declaration, derived at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, has deliberated to curb urban growth (Burchell et al 1998). In this regard, greenbelt planning exerted around urban regions (Chaulya et al 2001, Rao et al 2004), was considered as one of an aggressive approach to curb urban expansion (Johnson 2001) by urban planners and policy-makers (Pham et al 2011). Known as the most restrictive form of urban containment policy, is a geographical bound‐ ary around a city or urban region to prevent urban sprawl. Spatial and temporal data analyses were carried out in ENVI, and GIS programs based on satellite imageries in addition to the expert analyzes of SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) and QSPM (quantitative strategic planning matrix) matrixes to achieve the key strategies concerning the revitalization of a new greenbelt plan
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