STRATEGIC POSITIONING OF THE NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF WHEAT GRAINS BASED ON GENETIC PARAMETERS

Abstract

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Wheat is a staple food crop and easily accessible to the population, so the biofortification of wheat grains is substantial to mitigate malnutrition. <strong>Objective.</strong> To evidence and select wheat genotypes based on nutritional multi-characters of grains based on genetic parameters. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Experiments were carried out in the 2019 agricultural season in five wheat areas of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in two sowing seasons, in the municipalities of Cachoeira do Sul, Cruz Alta, Santo Augusto, São Gabriel and Vacaria. The experimental design was randomized blocks, organized in a factorial scheme with 10 cultivation environments (5 sites by two sowing dates) and 30 genotypes, with three replications. To carry out the selection of genotypes, the WAASB, AMMI, GGE and BLUP methodologies were applied. <strong>Results. </strong>In terms of lipids and fibers, three mega environments were formed, highlighting the genotypes BRS 327, CD 1550, Ametista, CD 1303 and BRS 331, respectively. For mineral material, there was the formation of two mega environments and the genotypes that stood out were Quartz and Tbio Toruk, while for carbohydrate there was the formation of a mega environment and the genotype that stood out was CD 1550. The Tbio Mestre and LG Prisma genotypes were the ideal genotypes, with high performance in the Cachoeira do Sul environment – Sowing 2nd fortnight. Tbio Iguaçú expressed high levels of lipids in Santo Augusto – Seeding 1st fortnight, São Gabriel – Seeding 2nd fortnight and Vacaria – Seeding 2nd fortnight. ORS 1405 and Tbio Iguaçú expressed high levels of carbohydrates in the Vacaria - Seeding 2nd fortnight environment. Heritabilities without interaction effects were high, which characterizes high genotypic additive variance.<strong> Implications. </strong>The current results indicate that there is genetic variability, making it possible to select genotypes with greater expression of nutrients in the grains. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> The TBio Mestre, CD 1440, LG Prisma and Marfim genotypes expressed greater performance and stability of the evaluated traits.</p>