Abstract
Supporting nearly two-thirds of the world’s human population and much of its biological productivity, sustainable management of coastal zones represents the most complex challenge we face. Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is an action-oriented approach to this challenge which combines scientific analysis and planning, stakeholder participation, and institutional reform under the umbrella of a single activity (Post and Lundin 1996). ICZM takes a multidisciplinary, systems approach in which the essential, distinguishing feature is the understanding and representation of the interdependencies among ecosystem functions, socio-economic activities, and institutions. In this way, ICZM differs from other methods which are based on incremental, sector-by-sector approaches (Hatziolos et al. 1996; OECD 1993; Pernetta et al. 1993).
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