Abstract
In age of sustainable development, strategic innovations have become the most important factor in the adaptation of national economies to dynamic global changes, encompassing trade and economic relations between the leading and developing countries of the World. At the same time, the task of this study was to reveal the complex and contradictory role of strategic innovations in the development of national economies against the background of the transformation of global value chains (GVCs). Main methods for solving the problem were empirical methods of comparative and structural analysis, as well as econometrics. The study analyzed 44 countries classified by the World Bank in the group of countries with per capita incomes below and above the average, as well as with high income. Results of the calculations made it possible to establish a highly differentiated relationship between the share of products manufactured by foreign companies operating in the host countries, on the one hand, and indicators of the dynamics of foreign direct investment (the number of researchers engaged in R&D, the number of technical specialists involved in research and development (R&D), the cost of research and development in the territory of the host countries), on the other hand. This made it possible to determine the role of strategic innovation in the adaptation of national economies. The established dependencies expand the understanding of the role of strategic innovations in the formation and further development of global value chains and their significance in evolution: from process and product innovations of individual companies to the formation of global innovation ecosystems.
Highlights
In a course of the research, in accordance with the set goal, we assessed a relationship between global value chains and strategic innovation as a factor in the adaptation of national economies to the transformation of GVCs
High-income countries are characterized by an increase in the number of technical specialists involved in research and development (R&D) with a positive dynamics of growth in the involvement of the national economy in GVCs, while for countries with per capita income below and above the average, this relationship most often (60%) it is the opposite-with the growth of the involvement of the state economy in the GVC, the number of specialists working under the supervision of researchers and performing scientific and technical tasks decreases
Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that the degree of relationship between the level of involvement of national economies in GVCs and the dynamics of the implementation of strategic innovations is quite differentiated for different countries and depends, on the one hand, on the level of welfare, and on the other, on the sectoral structure of the national economy
Summary
Global changes that have been taking place in recent decades have intensified the processes of adaptation of open national economies to increased competition in international commodity markets. In this regard, strategic innovations began to play a system-forming role in the formation of global value chains that ensure the free movement of capital and goods between countries around the world and exerting both stabilizing and destabilizing effects on their development. National governments are forced to implement economic policies taking into account the complex configuration of trade and economic relations of national companies included in international global value chains, embedding national innovation systems into global ecosystems. In our opinion, necessitates a scientifically grounded theoretical understanding of these dynamically developing processes at the global and national levels on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of practice
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