Abstract
Product-service systems (PSS) enable product-oriented manufacturing companies to differentiate their offerings and become more competitive, while creating more value for customers along with improved economic performance and, in some cases, reduced environmental impact. However, PSS development remains difficult for manufacturing companies due to limited prior knowledge about PSS and the strategic characteristics it entails. To guide the PSS development process, this paper presents a prescriptive approach composed of a tool and a method based on the use of PSS archetypes in the initial development stages of new PSS business models (BM). The proposed tool builds upon three PSS archetypes, combined with 10 factors for assessment of the best suiting archetype. The proposed method and supporting tool guide companies in five steps, from the beginning of a servitisation process to the initial PSS development. Based on an evaluation with a Danish manufacturing company, an improved version of the method and tool was developed and applied with 60 students specialised in PSS development. Results from the evaluation indicate that the method and tool support scoping new PSS BM through the selection and modification of a PSS archetype, encouraging servitisation and PSS development in companies with different levels of PSS experience.
Highlights
Product-Service Systems (PSS) have been gaining attention from academics and practice throughout the past decades [1]
The PSS archetypes incorporated in the tool were derived from the PSS typology developed by Tukker [4]
The proposed method and tool represent a concrete proposal for a hands-on approach for manufacturing companies to get started with PSS development and enhance business model innovation with a systematic and strategic perspective while triggering collaboration across departments
Summary
Product-Service Systems (PSS) have been gaining attention from academics and practice throughout the past decades [1]. A PSS is a strategy for business model innovation that seeks to integrate products and services with the potential to decouple business success and economic growth from pure product sales [2]. PSS research was related primarily to an environmental focus [4,5], it gained an economic focus after 2010 [6], coincidently with the dissemination of the overlapping servitisation theory [7,8]. Business model innovation process for servitising industrial firms [42]. PSS business models (BMs) framework [43]
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