Abstract

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies have become an important research topic in recent years as they can generate numerous benefits for organizations, especially when an adequate market orientation (MO) has been defined. In this sense, several research questions arise: do companies have enough CSR information to implement appropriate strategies? Does the information that they have gathered allow them to define a complete set of CSR activities (response) based on the triple bottom line approach? And, once they have carried out their initiatives, do these companies ensure adequate dissemination of the results to stakeholders?. In order to answer the above questions, this study sought to examine companies’ CSR orientation from a MO perspective. Working with data on a sample of 165 firms in Spain, during January 15th and February 15th, 2017, structural equation modeling was used to test a set of research hypotheses. The results reveal an important link between information, response, and diffusion and help extend the MO strategy concept. CSR information has a positive, direct influence on the development of initiatives covering three dimensions (economic, social and environmental). In addition, a direct relationship exists between the development of social and environmental initiatives and CSR disclosure. This research’s findings contribute to the literature on interest groups and business sustainability. Also, they confirm that the development of social and environmental initiatives contributes positively to CSR dissemination and to the generation of competitive advantages. This way, collecting CSR information constitutes a valuable asset. With respect to the limitations of the study, the answers reflected each SME leader’s subjective opinion, the variables’ measurement was dealt with through reflective models using the PLS technique based on variance and only Spanish companies already oriented toward CSR participated in the study. Las estrategias de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) se han convertido en un tema de investigación importante en los últimos años, ya que pueden generar numerosos beneficios para las organizaciones, especialmente cuando se ha definido una orientación adecuada al mercado (OM). En este sentido, nos surgen varias preguntas de investigación: ¿disponen las empresas de suficiente información de RSC para implementar adecuadas estrategias? ¿la información que poseen les permite definir un conjunto de actividades de RSC (respuesta) basadas en el enfoque del triple bottom line? Y, una vez que han llevado a cabo sus iniciativas, ¿estas empresas aseguran una adecuada difusión de los resultados a los grupos de interés?. Con el fin de dar respuesta a las anteriores cuestiones, este estudio buscó examinar la orientación de la RSC de las empresas desde una perspectiva OM. Trabajando con datos de una muestra de 165 empresas en España, durante el período comprendido desde el 15 de enero al 15 de febrero de 2017, se utilizaron los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para probar un conjunto de hipótesis de investigación. Los resultados revelan un vínculo importante entre la información, la respuesta y la difusión y ayudan a extender el concepto de estrategia de OM. La información de RSC tiene una influencia positiva y directa en el desarrollo de iniciativas que cubren las tres dimensiones (económica, social y medioambiental). Además, existe una relación directa entre el desarrollo de iniciativas sociales y ambientales y la divulgación de la RSC. Los hallazgos de esta investigación contribuyen a la literatura sobre grupos de interés y sostenibilidad empresarial. Además, confirman que el desarrollo de iniciativas sociales y ambientales contribuye positivamente a la difusión de la RSE y a la generación de ventajas competitivas. De esta manera, la recogida de información de RSE constituye un activo valioso. Con respecto a las limitaciones del estudio, las respuestas reflejaron la opinión subjetiva de cada líder de las Pymes, la medición de las variables se trató a través de modelos reflectivos utilizando la técnica PLS basada en la varianza y solo las empresas españolas ya orientadas hacia la RSE participaron en el estudio.

Highlights

  • Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an important research topic in recent decades (Gallardo-Vázquez & Sánchez-Hernández, 2014a, 2014b; Valdez-Juárez, GallardoVázquez, & Ramos-Escobar, 2018)

  • This study focused on companies in the first Spanish region once companies have carried out their initiatives, they should (i.e., Extremadura) to approve an act promoting CSR pracensure adequate dissemination of the results

  • At first it was directed to presidents, general directors or other directors, later this possibility was opened, giving the option to have it answered by personnel who, without holding the aforementioned positions, but did know the CSR actions carried out by the company

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Summary

Introduction

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an important research topic in recent decades (Gallardo-Vázquez & Sánchez-Hernández, 2014a, 2014b; Valdez-Juárez, GallardoVázquez, & Ramos-Escobar, 2018). CSR is clearly a strategy of imperative interest to all organizations, especially to large and small firms (Blanc, Branco, & Patten, 2019; MartínezMartínez, Herrera, Larrán, & Lechuga, 2017; MonevaAbadía, Gallardo-Vázquez, & Sánchez-Hernández, 2018). In CSR’s internal sphere, CSR promotes social consciousness in corporate culture, increasing employees’ involvement and commitment to their organization (e.g., Hao, Farooq, & Zhang, 2018; Jones, 2010; Turker, 2009a, 2009b). Organizations’ CSR practices facilitate the achievement of better performance and financial results, thereby positively affecting productivity, competitiveness, and competitive success (Boulouta & Pitelis, 2014; Gallardo-Vázquez & Sánchez-Hernández, 2014a; Rodrigo, Durán, & Arenas, 2016). Hameed et al (2016) have asserted that CSR initiatives can generate increased performance and value

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