Abstract
This paper focuses on a Hybrid Process that uses feed salinity dilution and osmotic power recovery from Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) to achieve higher overall water recovery. This reduces the energy consumption and capital costs of conventional seawater desalination and water reuse processes. The Hybrid Process increases the amount of water recovered from the current 66.7% for conventional seawater desalination and water reuse processes to a potential 80% through the use of reclaimed water brine as an impaired water source. A reduction of up to 23% in energy consumption is projected via the Hybrid Process. The attractiveness is amplified by potential capital cost savings ranging from 8.7%–20% compared to conventional designs of seawater desalination plants. A decision matrix in the form of a customizable scorecard is introduced for evaluating a Hybrid Process based on the importance of land space, capital costs, energy consumption and membrane fouling. This study provides a new perspective, looking at processes not as individual systems but as a whole utilizing strategic co-location to unlock the synergies available in the water-energy nexus for more sustainable desalination.
Highlights
The technology discussed in this paper necessarily involves terminology that might not be familiar to some readers
The space footprint for the additional spiral wound modules increased by 41%, savings on multiple fronts such as seawater intakes, pre-treatment, pumps and energy consumption were achieved
This paper has evaluated various configurations of the Hybrid Process to assess the synergistic effects of seawater feed dilution, osmotic power recovery and a higher overall recovery in comparison with conventional designs of seawater desalination and water-reuse plants
Summary
The technology discussed in this paper necessarily involves terminology that might not be familiar to some readers. A glossary of special terminology used in this paper is given in Appendix A. Human population crossed a milestone of 7 billion people on 31 October 2011. With it came an opportunistic trend—urbanization through migration that is spurring the growth of cities in the 21st century. There are many regions globally that practices both water reuse and seawater desalination concurrently such as Australia, Singapore and California, United States. By 2016, desalination capacity is forecast to increase to 89 million cubic meters per day while water reuse capacity is expected to grow to
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