Abstract
The current Common Agricultural Policy encourages the expansion of agri-food sustainability to implement sustainable development in primary production. It is, therefore, important to quantify the sustainability of agriculture and livestock farming in order to apply corrective measures. The objective of this work was to analyze the sustainability of primary production in southern Spain, one of the main production areas in Europe, between 2002 and 2021. For this purpose, a composite indicator of economic, social, environmental, and global sustainability was constructed, as recommended in previous research. The results of this work suggest that the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba, and Almería show the highest overall sustainability of primary production in Andalusia with different levels of sustainability being observed. An inverse relationship between the economic and environmental subcomponents of the sustainability of primary production in southern Spain was observed. The global sustainability of primary production in Andalusia is moderate, as well as heterogeneous. Therefore, it does not make sense to apply a homogeneous agricultural strategy. The Andalusian administration should apply an agricultural policy at different speeds to improve the critical points of each production system.
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