Abstract
HADES is a multi-purpose, charged-particle detector operated at the SIS18 synchrotron located at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany. The provided ion beam energies of 1-2 A GeV are among the lowest of all currently running heavy-ion experiments and result in the highest baryon net-densities at freeze-out in case of Au+Au collisions. At a beam energy of 1.23 A GeV, particles containing strangeness are produced below the quasi-free NN threshold energy. Since the missing energy has to be provided by the collision system, the investigation of the production of strangeness at such energies is a very promising probe of the created medium. The data sample measured with HADES includes multi-differential analysis of charged and neutral kaons, ϕ mesons and Λ hyperons. We present the analysis method and the results.
Highlights
The properties of strongly interacting nuclear matter is crucial to our understanding of stellar objects like neutron stars
HADES is a multi-purpose, charged-particle detector operated at the SIS18 synchrotron located at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany
Each sector is equipped with a Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector followed by low-mass Mini-Drift Chambers (MDCs), two in front of and two behind the magnetic field, as well as a scintillator hodoscope (TOF) and a resistive plate chamber (RPC) at the end of the system
Summary
The properties of strongly interacting nuclear matter is crucial to our understanding of stellar objects like neutron stars. There is still no way to perform these calculations for matter with high baryon net-densities [2] as it is expected in neutron star mergers [3]. At center of mass energies of a few TeV, as measured at the LHC, systems with high temperatures but vanishing baryon net-densities at freeze-out, are created. Rather moderate center of mass energies of a few GeV, as measured at the SIS18, result in systems with moderate temperatures and high baryon net-densities. Particles containing strangeness can be produced if the production process is not a pure superposition of quasi-free NN-collisions. Such effects, possible thanks to the participation of several nucleons, are in the following referred to as medium effects. The production of strangeness is an important observable to investigate the medium properties of the systems created at SIS18 energies
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